The Path Goal Theory Of Leadership - 751 Words

Wk4AssgnJLayman: Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Walden University Ph.D. Public Policy and Administration Introduction This is an introduction to the Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire, introduced in Chapter 6 of the textbook â€Å"Leadership: Theory and Practice† by Peter Northouse, a set of questions, designed to measure a leader’s path-goal style of leadership, or their ability to assess and meet the needs of the follower (Northouse, 2016). Developed by House Mitchell (1975), the path-goal theory is built upon the expectancy theory of motivation, charging leaders with the duty of understanding the goals of the follower, and offering rewards in line with those goals (Northouse, 2016). The following is a brief summary of the resulting score of the questionnaire at the end of Chapter 6 of this textbook, and, a short assessment of the results. Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire The Path-Goal Questionnaire measures a leader’s propensity toward a directive style of leadership, a supportive style of leadership, a participatory style of leadership or an achievement-oriented style of leadership. There are four unique path-goal leadership styles, each having its own set of behaviors. Directive Leadership Questions 1, 5, 9, 14 18 are representative of the directive style of leadership. With a score of 13, the lowest of all four categories, my results are considered very low in this category. The average score among responding participants is 23 in thisShow MoreRelatedThe Path Goal Theory Of Leadership1371 Words   |  6 PagesMGT-6204: Excellence in Org: Leadership 12/6/15 Michael Bernier Leadership Theory Analysis Path-Goal Theory of Leadership The Path-Goal Theory works well by first identify the goal. Once the goal is established the manager is responsible to remove any roadblocks or obstacles that stand in the way of the employee success. There are also incentives that the manager can offer along the way. In some respects the Path-Goal Theory is, at the most fundamental level, using the same basic assumptionsRead MorePath Goal Theory Of Leadership1009 Words   |  5 Pages12/12/2014 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Path-Goal Leadership Theory The Path-Goal model is a theory based on specifying a leader s style[1] or behavior that best fits the employee and work environment in order to achieve goals (House, Mitchell, 1974). The goal is to increase an employee s motivation, empowerment, and satisfaction so that they become productive members of the organization. Path-Goal is based on Vroom s (1964) expectancy theory[2] in which an individual will act in a certainRead MoreThe Path Goal Leadership Theory1192 Words   |  5 PagesIt goes without saying that leadership delivers support and inspiration to their group members to attain desired results. In this global market competition is constantly intensifying and organizations are more fixated on engendering calculative outcomes, performance apprehension with personnel has elevated considerably. Effective leaders will impart a variety of desired support mechanisms to motivate employees and make them more productive as well as result oriented. Moreover, effective leader willRead MoreLeadership And The Path Goal Theory1867 Words   |  8 Pagespotential. In this essay, the importance of leadership and what a leader exemplifies will be discussed and analyzed in depth. Also an influential leader in my workplace will be described using the path-goal leadership theory, to elaborate on the styles, behaviors, and effectiveness demonstrated by my leader. In addition, a detailed descrip tion of my leaders role and utilization of the path-goal theory in the workplace will be explained as well. Leadership is one of the most essential traits of beingRead MorePath-Goal Theory of Leadership2170 Words   |  9 PagesPath- Goal Theory of Leadership Torey Shannon and There are many theories that are considered relevant when it comes to interpersonal relationships and the roles of leaders in behavioral science. According to Robert House, the relevance of these theories to the overall success of the organization is skewed. Robert House is an American Psychologist who graduated from Ohio State University with a Ph.D. in Management. He formulated The Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness (House, 1971).Read MoreThe Path Goal Theory of Leadership2659 Words   |  11 PagesThe term path-goal is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey along the path easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls (Robbins 2001, p. 229). The path-goal theory developed by Robert House is based on the expectancy theory of motivation. The leader s job is viewed as coaching or guiding workers to choose the best paths for reaching their goals. Best is judged byRead MoreLeadership Theory And The Path Goal Theory Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The goal of this literature review is to observe the different ways in which the field of leadership is developing along with the importance of its evolutionary path for theories, models, and different methods. Leadership focuses not only on the leader, but also on subordinates, peers, supervisors, work setting, and culture. Leadership has evolved over the years and we’re going to explore a few updated leadership approaches. There are a few different leadership approaches that wereRead MoreThe Path Goal Theory Of Leadership Skills1318 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons may be due to lack of leadership skills. A company that has everything going for it, great product, a nice work place, and so on and so forth does not always become successful unless they possess prime leaders. As we have learned so far, there are various degrees of leadership styles and when and where they are best used and therefore most efficient. The path-goal theory shows how leaders are able to motivate their followers in order to accomplish a variety of goals. Steve Jobs was a successfulRead MoreEssay on Path-Goal Leadership Theory873 Words   |  4 PagesPath-goal theory deals with the leaders style to motivate followers, to accomplish set goals (Northouse, 2010). The path-goal theory is simply the implication that a leader works with an individual to establish a goal. The leader does this by individual motivation to achieve the propo sed goal, while working through obstacles that may hinder achieving that goal (Whitener, 2007). The basic assumption of path-goal theory is that the following motivates subordinates: the capability to perform the workRead MoreThe s Path Goal Theory Of Leadership896 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the lens of House’s Path Goal theory of leadership, Amazon facilitates both achievement-oriented and directive path-goal leader behaviour. Achievement-oriented leader behavior involves setting challenging goals for subordinates and expecting them to perform at their highest level to meet these goals . This sort of zealous mentality is a core tenet in Amazon’s company culture: â€Å"At Amazon, workers are encouraged to tear apart one another’s ideas in meetings, toil long and late (emails arrive

American History in the book White Devil Essay - 1233 Words

Brumwell, Stephen. White Devil: A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America. Da Capo Press Inc. March, 2005. The book opens Nous sommes tours Sauvages, which translates to We are all Savages. Its a fitting way to begin a book chronicling the story of Major Robert Rogers and his rangers journey, Native American slaughter, and return home. In White Devil: A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America, author Stephen Brumwell depicts a well researched, unbiased image of: war, hardship, courage, savagery, vengeance, and survival. Brumwell wants to show his readers an image of the true nature of war and all the trimmings that goes along with it. There has never been a war where atrocities†¦show more content†¦His long journey took him to Canada and to the village of St. Francis. The carnage at St. Francis deserves a brunt of the detail. It was now good marching ground and the men pressed on with celerity till on the 22nd day after their departure from Crown Point, one of them, by climbing a tree, discovered the village of St. Francis at three miles distance, whe n the party were ordered to halt and refresh themselves. At eight oclock in the evening, Major Rogers, Lieut. Turner and Ensign Avery left the company and went forward for the purpose of reconnoitering the place. They found the Indians engaged in a dance, evidently entertaining no apprehensions of an enemy in the vicinity. They returned about two oclock in the morning and at three oclock, Rogers advanced with the whole party, within three hundred yards of the village, where the men were lightened of their packs and formed for action. About an hour after this, the Indians broke up their dances and retired to their cabins for repose; and soon the whole village was asleep, the more oblivious from the weariness induced by their late diversion. About half an hour before dawn, the troops, having been arranged in three divisions for the purpose of making simultaneous attacks, in as many directions, were ordered to advance. Never was a place more completely surprised, nor in a condition les s capable of making any sort ofShow MoreRelated Baldwins view of Nation of Islam in Down on the Cross Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful organization during the 1960s. One of the Nation?s key goals was to create an independent Black America. It further preached about the White man as the devil, thus instilling faith within its followers that White society will be decimated, and Black society will prevail. Through these powerful messages, the Nation of Islam gave African-Americans a claim to divinity and created the notion of Black supremacy. However, in attempting to cement these ideas, the Nation of Islam?s message becameRead MoreA Of The White City By Erik Larson1426 Words   |  6 PagesA Devil in the White City, written by Erik Larson, is a novel to remember. Not only does this book entice the ideas and a theme of â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil†, but Erik Larson, a former staff writer in the Wall Street Journal, also tied in historical events that occurred during the Chicago World Fair of 1893. The purpose of the book, that entices a combination of historical events and other fictional opinions, is to inform the audience of the historical content that occurred in the past and to â€Å"fill in theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Grove By William King1028 Words   |  5 PagesDevil in the Grove, by Gilbert King, presents the world as it was in the late 1940’s early 1950’s. Racial tensions were high, individuals remained divided, and plagued with violence, but change would transpire. The narrative demonstrates a divided population, one side who would offer resistance and demand change, the other side would offer resistance denounce change protecting the status quo. King introduces Thurgood Marshall, an African American lawyer who would challenge the status quo and bringRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin851 Words   |  4 Pages that I failed to realize that the white man was a devil was that I had been too long exposed to white teaching and had never received true instruction.† This direct quotation is an example of how Elijah Muhammad wanted for his people to marginate from the teachings of the white man. Elijah Muhammad felt like African Americans â€Å"becoming themselves† was such a prolonged process because so many are brainwashed by the history books that were filled with the white man s â€Å"tricknology†. Muhammed feltRead MoreWhite Devil A True Story Of War, Savagery, And Vengeance1347 Words   |  6 Pagesis one of the most influential figures in military history and tactics. The lessons he passed on are still studied today by the United States Army Rangers, and every Ranger must memorize his Standing Orders. The tactics he used are now what the modern public and historians consider â€Å"American style fighting† or Indian warfare. Stephen Brumwell’s book White Devil A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America is not just a history like what has been written before, it is an in depthRead More Malcolm X Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and James Baldwin fall under this category. They did not by any means agree completely, but had many views in common with the Islam thinkers. Malcolm X was not a pro-violence leader, but encouraged it when necessary for self-defense and protecting loved ones as Jenkins reported, â€Å"Malcolm X encouraged blacks to take a stand against their white oppressors if they wereRead MoreMalcolm X, A Civil Right Activist And Powerful Black Leader855 Words   |  4 Pagesprovoking essay â€Å"Learning to Read† (1965), Malcolm X, a civil right activist and powerful black leader, narrates his story on how books transformed his life forever into the realm of human rights. Incorporating sequential narrative and social analysis, he explains his methodology in attaining literacy and how this process influences him to espouse black separatism and resent white people, while providing historical fact and jarring criticism in his arguments. Using first-person narrative, Malcom advancesRead More Black Supremacy Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout history, white anglo-saxons have been notorious for mistreating all races other than its own. Malcolm X felt quot;the white man had been actually nothing but a piratical opportunist who used Faustian machinations to make his own Christianity his initial wedge in criminal conquestsquot;(563). The earth is burdened by the white man! That is the true meaning of what Malcolm X is stating; the words Faustian machinations, meaning evil plotting, implies the whole white population is outRead MoreAmerican Tragedy And That Devil History1539 Words   |  7 Pages 1.These are the summaries of An American Tragedy and That Devil History. He starts talking about the phrase conversation about race even mean. Henry Louis Gates thinks it s meaningless and that talking about race means recognizing how race is intertwined with U.S. History. In an interview for Salon Gates said that since slavery ended all political movements have been about race. American conservatives have been stuck on that since slavery ended a century and a half ago they need to get overRead MoreMalcom X s Experiences Inspired His Autobiography1223 Words   |  5 PagesAutobiography Considered as one of the greatest and influential in African Americans in history, Malcon Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, and murder on February 21, 1965 in New York by three Nation of Islam members. Best known as Malcon X, he was also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, an American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. Malcon X was a fervent advocate the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement s emphasis on integration. He

Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay Research free essay sample

Brown Vs. Board Of Education Essay, Research Paper Brown vs. Board of Education Although bondage was eventually ended at the terminal of the 19th century black people found themselves still in the procedure of contending. What they had to contend for was their ain rights. The Emancipation Proclamation and the terminal of the civil war brought approximately actual freedom but the beliefs and attitudes of Whites, particularly in the south kept the black people repressed. In this paper I would wish to portion the research that I found that helped to establish the battle for freedom in every facet possible for black people and that is the instance of Brown vs. Board of instruction. This instance to topographic point in 1954 and helped to stop the segregation Torahs that withheld black and white schools being integrated. Before I begin the narrative of Linda Brown I would foremost wish to convey up the 1896 instance of Plessy vs. Ferguson. This instance arose from bitterness among the black and Creole occupants in New Orleans who felt it unneeded to pay the cost of separate autos. The bigger issue dealt with the conflict between the Louisiana legislative act of 1890 mandating that railway autos be separate but equal and the 14th amendment of the Constitution saying equality for all. Unfortunately most thought that the 14th amendment dealt with political equality non societal equality. This instance brought about the series of Jim Crow Torahs which fundamentally created two separate but purportedly equal societies. These Torahs were upheld until the Brown vs. Board of Education instance came through. Linda Brown was a 3rd grader in Topeka, Kansas that had to walk two stat mis a twenty-four hours to acquire to and from the black unintegrated school she attended. A white school was merely seven blocks off. Linda # 8217 ; s father Oliver Brown decided to seek and acquire his girl enrolled into the white school and was refused by the principal. Oliver Brown so decided to reach McKinley Burnett who was the caput of the Topeka subdivision of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) . This organisation was founded in 1909 by 60 black and white citizens. In 1910 they published Crisis, a magazine that covered accomplishments for inkinesss in the humanistic disciplines, concern and several other societal Fieldss. Most of the NAACP # 8217 ; s attempts where focused on anti-lynching Torahs and deriving civil rights for inkinesss without favoritism. When they heard of Oliver Brown # 8217 ; s job they were eager to assist. So in 1951 the NAACP requested an in junction that would criminalize the segregation of Topeka # 8217 ; s schools. Their defence was that non merely were the schools inherently equal, what with the conditions of the schools themselves, but besides that it was damaging to black kids # 8217 ; s instruction and hereafter to be populating with such segregation. Black kids must larn to tie in with white kids who are a big per centum of the population in order for their course of study non to be curtailed. The Board of Education # 8217 ; s defence was that black kids should larn in unintegrated schools because they lived in a unintegrated society and would for the remainder of their lives, hence learning them at a youn g age the manner society is will fix them for the hereafter. They besides argued that such inkinesss as Washington Carver and Frederick Douglas went to segregated schools and became great successes. The petition for the injunction left the tribunal with a hard determination to do. On the one manus they agreed that a sense of lower status affects the motive of a kid to larn but on the other manus no Supreme Court had overruled the opinion of the Plessy vs. Ferguson instance. Because of this the tribunal decided to govern in favour of The Board of Education. The NAACP appealed to the Supreme Court that same twelvemonth but this clip they had other instances that challenged segregation in South Carolina, Virginia and Delaware. The instance was foremost heard by the Supreme Court in 1952, but they could non come to any determination. It was retrying the undermentioned twelvemonth and the Court requested that both sides discuss the Fourteenth Amendment. This did small to assist the instance so the Court had to make up ones mind non if the Fourteenth Amendment writers had segregation in head when they penned the papers in 1868 but if segregation deprived black kids of equal protection . Finally on May 17, 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren who was one of the most dynamic of Chief Justices because of his landmark determinations in the countries of civil rights and single autonomies for black peoples read the opinion. # 8220 ; We come so to the inquiry presented: Does segregation of kids in public schools entirely on the footing of race, even though the physical installations and other # 8220 ; touchable # 8221 ; factors may be equal, strip the kids of the minority group of equal instruction chances? We believe it does # 8230 ; We conclude that in the field of public instruction the philosophy of # 8216 ; separate but equal # 8217 ; has no topographic point. Separate educational installations are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the complainants and others likewise situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by ground of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the Torahs guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. # 8221 ; The Supreme Court overruled the finding of fact of the Plessy vs. Ferguson instance and ruled in favour of the NAACP. This required the integration of schools across America. This did non, nevertheless abolish segregation in other public installations such as eating houses and bathrooms. It besides did non stipulate when the integration of schools should take topographic point. What it did make was declare compulsory segregation that existed in 21 provinces as unconstitutional. I believe that the Supreme Court did do the right determination and that the NAACP brought up a good instance non merely in its unfairness politically but socially. Imagine life someplace where you knew that you could non portion with the bulk of the society and what sort of mental place that would set you in. I would experience absolutely hopeless and instruction would non be really of import to me because I may non be able to set my cognition towards good usage. I think that # 8217 ; s what most kids would hold felt like and that it would hold caused a batch more societal and economical jobs in their hereafter.

The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood Essay Example For Students

The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood Essay Discourses in a novel often allow people in the know, to understand particular meaning within certain topics or issues. For instance, a discourse of Calculus in a novel would be relevant to those who study and know the subject. They would pick up on the meaning conveyed within this discourse, whereas people not familiar can only make uneducated guesses. In Cats Eye by Margaret Atwood, there are many discourses on offer. Atwood focuses on fictional, autobiographical, scientific and artistic discourses. Which are subtly included in all aspects of the text, mainly in literary devices and the structure of the novel itself. We will write a custom essay on The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The discourses of fiction and autobiography are juxtaposed in Cats Eye with the intention of allowing insiders to know, and outsiders to assume meaning contained by the subtle presence of discourses. Cats Eye is set in Toronto where Atwood grew up, and the attitudes towards the picturesque capital of Canada are somewhat bitter and full of nostalgic reflection. The main character, Elaine, states on page 14 of the book; Underneath the flourish and ostentation is the old city, street after street of thick red brick houses their watchful, calculating windows. Malicious, grudging, vindictive, implacable. In my dreams of this city I am always lost. Just the building of a character cannot account for the heavy and distinct feeling of resentment directed at the city and everything in it. Atwoods father, was a forest entomologist, just as Elaines father was, Atwood spent her childhood in Ottawa during the winters and the rest of the year in northern Quebec and Ontario. In 1946, her father took up a position as professor at the University of Toronto, and the family moved to there. The parallels between the lives of the author and the main female character, Elaine, are undeniable. The reader cannot know for certain that Atwood herself experienced bullying, but it is obvious not just in Cats Eye but in some of her other works that she represents gender in an original way, subverting often used stereotypes. When the book was written, Atwood was 49, teetering towards middle age, coming to terms with her years past, and her years to come. In the novel, the present Elaine was also middle aged, and struggling with her identity, as she slowly becomes invisible. Elaine suffered constantly with the pain of imperfection, near the beginning before the retrospective in Toronto, Elaine goes into the gallery; I know immediately that I should not have worn this powder-blue jogging outfit. Powder-blue is lightweight. I should have worn nun black, Dracula black, like all proper female painters. Elaine feels outdated, and out of touch, it is possible that Atwood herself was finding herself in these situations, and readers going through this stage of their life or for that matter, anyone who is in a process of change, would identify with the content on ageing. This is but few of the many examples of links between fiction and autobiographical features in Cats Eye, this is a powerful combination that takes full advantage of the juxtapositions it makes available within these discourses. The subject of femininity and the identity of the main character can be explored through discourses. Fictional and autobiographical features juxtapose and merge so as to more accurately represent femininity in Cats Eye showing it in a more precise way. Because words are only representation, the means by which they are presented can alter how readers perceive particular aspects of the story. Novels need things such as discourses, among other things, to bring more meaning and background to an otherwise two dimensional story. .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .postImageUrl , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:visited , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:active { border:0!important; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:active , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer science ethics EssayWomen, need to be attractive, smart, but not too smart. Women need to walk straight, and answer just the right amount of questions, either be humble or domineering, in being female, there is no middle ground. The female identity has long been constructed as the more delicate and demure of the sexes, Elaine, who grew up away from the definition between masculinity and femininity was amazed by the grace of real girls. I draw them in old fashioned clothing, with long skirts, pinafores and puffed sleeves this is the elegant, delicate picture I have in my mind, about other little girls. I dont think about what I might say to them if actually met som e. I havent got that far. Elaines transition from country to city life is looked at through interaction between Elaine and Cordelia, Elaines never ending strive for perfection, and Cordelias need to be loved by her father. Autobiographical features in Cats Eye further back up the plot, and make it seem more plausible because it incorporates an added factor of reality, it also effects how Elaine is viewed because readers assume some truth in the plot. Discursive constructions are placed upon the female subject in the text. This conveys a large amount of information, to the knowledgeable, which in this case is all women and men who know what it is like to live a life amongst all of societys expectations and divisions. The discourses of science and painting are combined in Cats Eye in an effort to epitomize the female subject in the text. Elaine was brought up surrounded by science, her father was a biologist and the bigger picture of science fascinated her brother. Science and the arts, namely painting appear to be on opposite ends of the spectrum, but in the text the line between them is proved to be reasonably undefined. At the start of the novel Atwood clearly states Elaines point of view, highlighting her stance on people who call themselves artists. The word artist embarrasses me; I prefer painter, because its more like a valid job. An artist is a tawdry, lazy sort of thing to be. Science seems to business like and structured in comparison to art, however in the text they co-habit well. The discourse of science was mainly addressed in Elaines family life, at one point, she realised that science wasnt feminine enough for her friends, Cordelia, Grace and Carol. During Elaines final biology exam, she realised she didnt want to be a biologist as she had intended to be. Her outlet became painting just as her brothers had become science. Each of these choices are a way of coping with the human experience and assessing ones own feelings in a creative way before even the conscious mind can address the issue. The discourse becomes a means of conveying a large amount of information to the reader by appealing to their prior knowledge in a particular topic. Elaine is introduced to a new world, through Cordelia, a world where the oppression of women is the cultural norm, inside suburban boundaries. This is demonstrated in how she gains an understanding of her experiences through art, particularly the roles of women in society, she moves from science as an outlet to art and painting to deal with her repressed memories. The discourses of art and science represent the female subject in Cats Eye. A discourse in a novel allows insight and speculation on behalf of the reader. Explanations do not usually occur and the audience is encouraged to make judgments based on their knowledge. These discourses can easily affect the main themes in a novel by portraying positive, negative or neutral assumptions. In Cats Eye readers are able to bring so much of their own experience to the novel due to the inclusive and mostly well known discourses that feature in the text.

Dialogue Activities for ESL Students

Dialogue Activities for ESL Students Practicing dialogues is a great way for English students to test their skills and develop a better grasp of the language. Dialogues are useful for a number of reasons: Dialogues provide models on which students can base their own conversations.Dialogues force students to focus on language production in a way that helps them practice correct usage.Student-created dialogues can be used to encourage creativity.Dialogues can be used as a basis for listening to comprehension exercises. Using dialogues  to help students develop their  conversation skills  is a  common practice in most English classes. There are a number of different ways to go about incorporating dialogues into classroom activities. The suggestions below encourage students to role-play and practice new tenses, structures, and language functions. Once students become familiar with these new language elements, they can then use the dialogues as models to practice writing and speaking on their own. Vocabulary Exercises Using dialogues can  help students become familiar with standard formulas used to discuss different topics. This is especially helpful when practicing new idioms and expressions. While these expressions might be easy to understand on their own, introducing them through dialogues can help students immediately put the new vocabulary into practice. Divide students into pairs and give each pair a topic to talk about. Challenge each student to incorporate a few given idioms or expressions into their dialogue before time runs out. Gap Fill Exercises Dialogues are perfect for gap fill exercises. For example, take a sample dialogue and delete keywords and phrases from the text. Choose a pair of students to read the dialogue to the rest of the class, then ask the other students to fill in the missing words and phrases. You can also have students create their own sample dialogues and quiz each other to see how well they can fill in the blanks. Dialogues for Role-Playing and Acting Having students  write dialogues for short scenes or soap operas helps them focus on correct expressions, analyze language, and develop their writing skills. Once students have completed their scripts, have them act out their scenes and skits for the rest of the class. Dialogue Dictations Have students write sample dialogues for popular TV shows such as The Simpsons or The Office. Alternatively, write a script together as a class, and have each student be responsible for a particular character. This exercise gives students time to  pay attention to details as the plot moves forward. Memorizing Dialogues Have students memorize simple dialogues as a way to help them improve their vocabulary skills. While old-fashioned, this type of rote work can help students build good habits as their English skills improve. Open-Ended Dialogues Create sample dialogues that show the words of only one speaker, then have students complete the dialogues using a list of responses youve provided. Another variation is to provide only the beginning or end of a sentence for each speaker. Completing this type of open-ended dialogue can provide a bigger challenge for upper-level English learners. Recreating Scenes Have students re-create their favorite scenes from different movies. Ask a group of volunteers to act out a scene in front of the class, then compare their version to the original.

Psychology Papers

Psychology Papers Psychology Papers Psychology Papers: How to Make Them Good? There may be different kinds of psychology papers that you may be provided with if you study psychology. But whether you have to write an essay or a research paper or some other assignment paper in psychology, you should take into account the following points:Any of psychology papers should contain the deep analysis of the issue it is written on; It is should be written clearly and have the logical structure; A psychology paper should be free of any mistakes as any other assignment paper. In what way can you meet these requirements? On making this question clear you will master the art of writing of psychology papers. Writing psychology papers: constituent parts of the processIt goes without saying that your writing should begin with the thorough study of your paper topic. Papers psychology suggests the deep analysis of phenomena of the human life. So, if you have to discuss, for example, alcoholism or panic disorder in your pap er, you should study the reasons of the phenomenon in question, its influence on the human life and activity, its presentation and consequences. That is why to make strong research you should find as much informational materials on the topic as possible. You may make use of different books on psychology, articles or other papers. When studying necessary informational sources it is necessary for you to make notes. Write down some information (statistical data, quotations) that you may use in your psychology paper. Making a thesis statement is peculiar to psychology papers as well. Moreover, a thesis statement will play an important role in your writing. In what way? It will be much easier for you to write and for reader to read. Firstly, a paper thesis statement puts your research into certain frameworks. Thus, you have no need to switch from one aspect to another and may concentrate your attention on a certain point. Secondly, a thesis statement is presented at the beg inning of your paper. Thus, your audience may find out what your paper is focused on. How to put all the ideas together in the logical order? This is an important question in writing of any assignment papers and in particular psychology papers. The success of a paper depends on its structure considerably. To make your paper well-structured, first of all, you should make an outline. State the points you are going to discuss in your paper. do not forget that it should conta

The Pro & Cons of Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Pro & Cons of Affirmative Action - Essay Example imizing diversity in the society, it is easier for organizations and firms to serve a wide range of customers and consumers to achieve instantaneous success, just like Startbucks etc. Similarly, it also helps the society to redress the disadvantage of discrimination by having a quota of diversified workforces in firms. This will move the society towards anti-discriminatory policies and will make sure that equal opportunities prevail in the society for all communities, races and gender. The disadvantages of affirmative actions are that it leads to quota system which is against the norms of efficiency and performance oriented selection. This will discourage people to work hard as they will know that quota system will take lead over their performance. Another disadvantage of quota system is that people will have to learn how to manage diversified workforce. This will involve managerial training and it will add up additional expenses for the firms who are struggling really hard to fight the ongoing

Lens Crafters Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lens Crafters Case Study - Essay Example The value chain focuses on streamlining both the internal and external factors of the organization and improving on their human resource and product creation. Operation management activities are focused on ensuring an organization addresses specific issues affecting the organization by analyzing the effectiveness of each process undertaken by the organization (Tarun, 2012). Customer experience is improved by how effectively an organization handles both its external and internal operations. In creating an efficient operation administration scheme, one major impediment is creating an evenhanded system monitoring every operation. This could be solved by designing priorities in the operation within the association as Leitner & Sihn (2012) argue. An additional test is how effectual the changes in operation would manipulate customer awareness on an organization. This could be solved by enacting customer research approaches that would allow an organization understand the customer trends in terms of demand and opportunities. Lens Crafters value chain is effective in ensuring that the organization retains a significant competitive advantage in the market. The quality of the value chain has ensured Lens Crafters enjoy a comfortable market position in terms of customer satisfaction. The value chain mostly focuses on putting in place the right human resource team and creating customer satisfaction products. The value chain in Lens Crafters has enabled the organization to monitor and improve on its major operations. The most significant performance measurement strategy on the service delivery design would be consumer reaction and perception of the organization. This could be determined by analyzing the sales or consumer feedback on service delivery. Evaluation of sales and consumer feedback are most appropriate in gauging a service delivery design. The selection of sales numbers is based on the fact that sales depict the accurate consumer perception on a

Canterbury tale and medieval art Essay Example for Free

Canterbury tale and medieval art Essay Tale and Art in middle Ages The Middle Ages have been regarded as extending approximately from the end of fifth century AD to 1600s. The Middle Ages were a society significantly more civilized and developed than previous times. Some sections of Italian society had begun to mimic the art and philosophy of ancient Greece, but commonly in Italy and Europe, generally no all-pervading change had occurred. The Canterbury Tale is a story written by Geoffrey Chauser in Middle English. It is the story of a group of thirty people who are all from different occupation. They told each other stories to kill time when traveling to Canterbury. In the Canterbury Tale, an illustration of the Medieval Christian church is presented. When talking about the church, it cant be considered separately. The church has to always be related to social, economic and political context of that period because people in that society gather in groups, make religious and church. Moreover those people create these tales of a pilgrimage of Canterbury. One of the stories in the Canterbury Tale, The Pardoners Tale, is the story of churchs corruption. The story was made to parody the Western Schism, churchs greed. At the time when the tale was written, the church was corrupted by spread of the unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners. Popes sold the indulgences, which were suppose to forgive peoples sins. The Pardoner, the main character in the Pardoners Tale preaches to villagers about sin and collects money. When telling the story, the Pardoner gives an example f three rioters who commit sins and show what happened because of them committing sins. He uses this story to emphasize morals to the audience, however, it is ironic that even if the Pardoner is kind of a bishop who gives sermons to the villagers, he is as corrupted as the rioters. His purpose is to gather money from the villagers, not to correct the sins. Chaucer used a certain character like Pardoner in the Pardoners Tale, to represent one of the many popes who were ruined by greed. I chose this art piece depicting Chaucers Pardoners tale. It is a carved wooden anel made of Elmwood with scenes from the story. It is describing the part when the three rioters found gold. They planned how to divide it but their greed to get it all themselves caused their downfall. The left-hand panel shows a man buying wine and putting poison in it to kill the other rioters, so that he could take all the gold. In the central panel, the other two attack the man who comes with the wine, and stab him to death. In the right hand panel the murderous pair sit down and drink the poisoned wine. Eventually, their greed leads all of them to their death. This art work describes the story so precisely that people who lived in that era, who were illiterate, could have been able to understood what Chaucer wanted to say, and fgure out what was wrong about church by looking at the art works. After they get aware of the churchs corruption and popes they were into, by learning through the story from the artworks, people might have tried to find solution for the corrupted situation. In this way, it can be said that artwork might have succeed in giving people in that period, a new perspective tor what they were believing at.

Essay examples --

The truth about Wicca Wicca, commonly known as the â€Å"Craft† or â€Å"Old Ways† is an expression used to describe various traditions of contemporary Paganism, an earth-centered religion that shows a substantial amount of respect for nature; celebrating the changes in the season and lunar cycles (Mankiller, Wicca); As stated by Morrison Wicca celebrates, â€Å"the beauty of the moon, the stars, and the sun (5)†; and the worshipping of the deities (Morrison, 2001). Those who follow the path of Wicca are usually referred to as â€Å"Witches† or â€Å"Wiccans† derived from the Anglo-Saxon term wicce, which can be translated as â€Å"Sorceress† or â€Å"Wise One† (Morrison, 2001), they are nothing like the witches seen in modern media (Mankiller, Wicca). Throughout History Wicca has been depicted as a Satanist related religion, leading to mass persecution of those who adhere to its principles (as seen in the Salem Witch Trials); few truly fathom the Wiccan f aith. The real truth about Wicca is that, it is a religion centered on the theology of the deities in form of the Patron Goddess and God, it is a matriarchal religion, with varying traditions and religious branches, that doesn’t believe in predestination, and has basic tenets that must be followed. Wicca, like many fellow Pagan traditions, focuses on the beliefs of the deities that all share a different, yet common purpose in the universe-to keep balance and harmony in the world. Wicca, unlike other religions, categorizes the divine; honoring the Goddess in form of the Triple Goddess of sometimes referred to as the Patron Goddess, whose aspects are the Maiden, Mother, Crone; representing the three phases of the moon: Waxing, Waning, Full Moon, and Dark Moon (Morrison, 2001). In form of the Maiden, as stated by M... ...f empowerment; making the religion commonly depicted as a Matriarchal religion. Those of the Wiccan faith, also choose not to believe in predestinations because they see everyone as having control their own lives, and destiny’s, depending upon their actions. The most crucial point to the Wiccan faith is the basic, principles that must be followed; which includes the threefold law that states anything they do whether- good or bad- will come back to you times three; then there is the Wiccan Rede that is the outline of the Wiccan faith; to practice Wicca as you will, but to harm none in the process. Wicca has had a long history of being seen as an evil and unkindly religion; hopefully, it can now be recognized by the public that Wicca is actually a peaceful and natured centered religion that neither contains Devil worshipers nor blasphemes against the Christian faith.

How Far Were the Mistakes of Others Responsible for Mussolini Becoming Prime Minister in October 1922

Firstly, Italy’s government was deteriorating and so it was evident that communist Italy was a failure. Mussolini had led the Italian population to believe that he and his fascist party were their only hope into putting an end to the chaos in Rome, and re-establish order and bring about the once great Italy, just as Caesar had in the time of the great Romans. This was appealing to the Italian people, as the city or Rome seemed to have fallen into ruins, taking advantage of this, Mussolini had conveyed himself as their saviour.Fascist ideology stressed the importance of the heroic leader and strong government. This was in contrast to the weaknesses of Liberal Italy, characterised by the failure to provide strong and stable government and so Italian people found it easier to give praise to a person rather than a concept, and Fascism seemed to embody elements of both left and right wing policies. He used powerful slogans such as â€Å"Mussolini is always right, believe, obey, fi ght. † Secondly, propaganda played a huge part in the success of Mussolini.Mussolini would â€Å"re-write† history by including himself in historic moments or ‘erasing’ someone else as it suited him. There would constantly be a movie displaying how heroic he was, Mussolini was practically everywhere, from movies to propaganda posters, wherever he was shown he always made sure he looked his best. Thirdly, it may be argued that the Catholic church helped Mussolini secure the position of prime minister, the Catholic Church was in danger of losing all of its land in Rome, its claim to Vatican City was disputed.Mussolini offered the church a deal, he would recognize the Church's right to independence and their ownership of the entire Vatican City; give the church reparations within limits for land taken during the unification of Italy; and he would protect the church's position as the state religion of Italy. In return, the Vatican agreed to recognize Italy as a separate nation and Mussolini as the leader of Italy. This was known as the Lateran Treaty.This showed the Italian people that Mussolini was working with the church; this just reinforced the good image Mussolini already had. Finally, the king was also a contributing factor for Mussolini becoming Prime minister in 1922. Firstly the king refused to stop any strikes (in which there were many), in fear of civil war. Another mistake on the kings behalf, who refused to implement facta’s plan to ensure Rome’s safety/defend Rome from Fascist violence.

Women Organizers in the Civil Rights Movement

Women organizers in the Civil Rights movement (1950's-1960's) Women have always been regarded as key parental figure in raising and developing children in the society. During the period of 1950 to 1970, many parts of the world were marred with civil rights movement. The movements were characterized with protests and civil resistance complaining about discrimination economic and political self sufficiency. Women took up the initiative to participate in these movements. This situation later led to serious confrontation between government authorities and activists.Thousands of people took part in the civil right movement of that period especially in the United States. The key leaders of the campaign, include; Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks, James Meredith and Medgar Evers, played crucial roles for of the achievements of the Civil Rights Movement in America[1]. This paper covers factors that motivated women, the contributions they had, roles they played as well as the problems they encountered during the civil rights movement of 1950’s and 1960’s.Most of the women who were involved in these movements were born during the slavery period, hence the pain and suffering they experienced at that time stimulated them to speak out against oppression. One of the most vocal women who started to speak against oppression was Wells Barnett. She began her struggle in 1909, by travelling abroad to seek international attention on this issue[2]. She also formed National association for the advanced of Colored people. Her efforts were later joined by the struggle for gender sensitization by Mary Church Terrell. She was very vocal and spoke about segregation of the blacks in public eating joints.She led most of the citizens to boycotts and picketing to attract attention to racial injustice[3]. She established the black club movement that led to the formation of National Association of Colored Women similar to that of Barnett. She was also very instrumental in bringing up socially progressive institutions such as mother clubs and nursery schools. The three year struggles with authorities bow her fruits when the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public eating places was unconstitutional[4]. Another very instrumental lady in these movements was Mary McLeod.She often worked together with both Terrell and Barnett. Mary became the president of National Association of Colored Women[5]. Being at the supreme of the organization, she became a good friend of Sara Roosevelt the mother of Franklin Roosevelt mayor of New York. She used the good rapport she had with this politically influential family to continue her struggle for social justice of the black[6]. She was later appointed to be the head of National Youth Council by President Roosevelt. Eleanor Roosevelt took the same path after being inspired by Terrell and Mary McLeod.After her husband was elected as the 32nd president Eleanor became instrumental in fighting inj ustice by calling for international and national attention to the effects of oppression and racial discrimination. She took a bold step and resigned from the Daughter of American Revolution since they had differed in ideologies. Ella baker was another activist who dedicated her time to speak out against oppression. She was regarded as the leader behind the scenes. She struggled to study due to the fact that her family was not well of. She graduated and became a teacher.She relocated to New York and quit her profession to engage in social change. She got involved with NAACP in the grassroots level in recruiting more people to the organization. She also was instrumental in the formation of other small organizations such as Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. These movements later were used by Martin Luther King Jr. to organize his boycott and nonviolent movement. The wave of women participation in the civil movement was unstoppable. Rosa Park, who was famously regarded as the mother of the civil rights movement, was also contributed in this struggle.She is believed to have started the main struggle of these civil rights movement. She experienced difficulty in completing her education due to the strict regulations for the black children. The black children were meant to study for only five moths in a year and the rest of the year they spent time in the cotton fields as laborers. Rosa graduated from high school after she got married to Raymond parks[7]. This sparked her efforts to fight racial injustice. She joined National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Montgomery chapter as the only woman. She was very instrumental member of this organization and was elected secretary.Her active involvement in National Association of Advanced Colored People led to her arrest on 1955[8]. Rosa’s life as an African American continued to face challenges. The mistreatment she received from the whites while she was in a bus made her to launch a huge boycott of using Montgomery buses by the Afro-Americans. She decided to organize this boycott after she got arrested for refusing to give out her seat to a white passenger in the bus. The boycott lasted for 381 days prompting her to be absorbed by the Montgomery Improvement Association which was formed by Martin Luther King Jr[9].This act of boycott was followed by a series of escalating protest, movements and insurgencies by African Americans. During the time for boycott Rosa coordinated for the blacks to get rides from car pool ups and other whites who offered to help. The used the slogan ‘don’t use the bus today. Don’t use it for freedom. ’ The boycotters together with Mrs. Rosa Park took the case to court disputing the segregation in buses[10]. They later worn the case after the court ruled on their favor. After the successful boycott Rosa and her families were not secure in Montgomery. They relocated to Detro it where she worked for congressman John Conyers.She continued to raise her voice and incited the youth to take up the struggle for African American Social and American progress. After the women political council had initiated the boycott in Montgomery, Martin Luther king came to the limelight taking all the credit as the leader for the nonviolent resistance. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X traversed different sections of the country giving powerful speeches and mobilizing nonviolent movements. Sparks of none violent movements were seen in other parts of the country[11]. These nonviolent movements escalated to violent racial rebellion in major cities in the U. S. s the movement went militant it provoked the whites against pro-black policies and the police. The success of events of this decade was at the peak when the Supreme Court decides the case of brown v board of education ruling in favor of brown. The court declared that segregation of schools unconstitutional. In the 1960 ’s many women rights group were established to continue the fight against racial injustice and oppression. This was the decade that saw progressive women rights movement in the United States and world Wide. Most of these groups comprised of female students who advocated for equal employment opportunity for both men and women.They also lobbied for enforcement of equal rights laws. Later that decade national organization for women was formed to replace women commission and it continued with the fight against sexual discrimination. The commission was disbanded due to lack of funds. The women equity action league founded in 1968, sought to investigate inequalities in faculty pay and promotions of both men and women in education workforce. These remarkable women played an important role in inspiring other activists and grassroots leaders who in turn mobilized more and more people to join the struggle.These women also helped millions of women to gain their fundamental rights as wom en. They were mostly motivated by the mass followers they had. Motivation also came from the cases they had in courts which ended up favoring the blacks and declaring most of the segregation unconstitutional. They drew their inspiration from civil rights movement they had organized. The organizations they were involved with had a lot of confidence in them hence they elected these women to high posts which favored their situation and gave them an upper hand in organizing the struggle[12].To overcome the problems they encountered they formed organizations such as national Organization for women. National Organization of Women key mandate was to enlighten the women to fully participate in mainstreaming of American society. These organizations brought them together in unity and increased their awareness on critical issues that affect them. This enabled them to have a strong voice over the oppression and neglect they were facing and forced the federal government to enforce the law. The i deologies fomented by certain black power movement were destructive and fostered cultural conflict.This posed a challenge to the efforts of the women who organized movements before. The other major challenge that affected these courageous women is the fact that most of the influential leaders, who had followed suit to lead mass movement, ended up being arrested or assassinated[13]. A good example is the cases of Malcolm x and Martin Luther King. The women’s morale was undermined by these acts. The supremacy of the white also undermined their efforts in the sense that they seemed to bend the law on their favor and oppressed the blacks in all sectors.The civil war escalated by the Ku Klux Klan and the lynch mob in the south were meant to threaten the activists from pursuing further with their quest[14]. The vocal contribution of Martin Luther King Jr. was faced with bomb attacks to his church and residence. The mass movements in America were a vital process to transform America to its current state. The vibrant voices of these women led to signing of the civil rights act to law. The law protects all minorities and women from discrimination in voting employment and use of public areas. They were also rendered freedom of choice.This was viewed as victory for both blacks and women. The revival of the African American militancy was an exceptional progress to the realization of democratic ideals[15]. The shared commitment to take the risk and highlight injustice and press the course for change resulted to the change in attitude of many American citizens. They tore down the oppressive racial and segregation system that had dominated the country for a long time thus bringing a remarkable transformation of American life. Bibliography Bermanzohn, Sally Avery. â€Å"Violence, Nonviolence, and the Civil Rights Movement. New Political Science 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 31-48. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed April 15, 2011). Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Bearing witness: selections from African-American autobiography in the twentieth century. New York: Pantheon Books, (1991). Greenblatt, Alan. â€Å"Race in America. † CQ Researcher 13, no. 25 (July 11, 2003): 593-624. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003071100. Hine, Darlene Clark. Hine sight: black women and the re-construction of of American history. Bloomington: Indiana University, (1994). Jost, Kenneth. â€Å"School Desegregation. † CQ Researcher 14, no. 5 (April 23, 2004): 345-72. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2004042300. Naylor Gloria. Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad, (1993). ———————– [1] Greenblatt, Alan. â€Å"Race in America. † CQ Researcher 13, no. 25 (July 11, 2003): 593-624. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003071100. [2] Darlene, Hine Clark. Hine sight: black women and the re-construction of of American history. Bloomingt on: Indiana University, (1994). [3] Naylor Gloria. Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad, (1993). [4] Henry Louis, Gates Jr.Bearing witness: selections from African-American autobiography in the twentieth century. New York: Pantheon Books, (1991). [5] Darlene, Hine Clark. Hine sight: black women and the re-construction of of American history. Bloomington: Indiana University, (1994). [6] Sally Bermanzohn, Avery. â€Å"Violence, Nonviolence, and the Civil Rights Movement. † New Political Science 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 31-48. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed April 15, 2011). [7] Greenblatt, Alan. â€Å"Race in America. † CQ Researcher 13, no. 25 (July 11, 2003): 593-624. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003071100. 8] Bermanzohn, Sally Avery. â€Å"Violence, Nonviolence, and the Civil Rights Movement. † New Political Science 22, no. 1 (March 2000): 31-48. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed April 15, 2011 ). [9] Gates, Henry Louis Jr. Bearing witness: selections from African-American autobiography in the twentieth century. New York: Pantheon Books, (1991). [10] Hine, Darlene Clark. Hine sight: black women and the re-construction of of American history. Bloomington: Indiana University, (1994). [11] Jost, Kenneth. â€Å"School Desegregation. † CQ Researcher 14, no. 15 (April 23, 2004): 345-72. ttp://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2004042300. [12] Jost, Kenneth. â€Å"School Desegregation. † CQ Researcher 14, no. 15 (April 23, 2004): 345-72. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2004042300. [13] Hine, Darlene Clark. Hine sight: black women and the re-construction of of American history. Bloomington: Indiana University, (1994). [14] Greenblatt, Alan. â€Å"Race in America. † CQ Researcher 13, no. 25 (July 11, 2003): 593-624. http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2003071100. [15] Gloria Naylor. Critical Perspectives Past and Present . New York: Amistad, (1993).

Building Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers Engaged

Building Your Email List Part 2 How to Keep Your Readers Engaged Last week I gave you tips for setting up your email list, whether starting from scratch or dusting off an old one. This week we’ll talk more about what to do with that list and how to create content that will keep your readers engaged. First, if you didn’t do it last week, sign up with an email management system (EMS). (I have used   MailChimp, Constant Contact and MyEmma and recommend all three.   Hope Clark uses Aweber.) Besides managing the data, they help you comply with privacy laws Next, you need to decide, and share with your list, how often you’ll be communicating. The two big factors in determining frequency are your audience and your ability to create material. A fiction author may want to have once-a-month check-ins, while a non-fiction author may easily fill a weekly newsletter. For more frequent schedules, offer your audience the option of a â€Å"Digest Version† - once a week for daily emails, once a month for weekly. You’d much rather send them less than have them unsubscribe entirely. Exceptions to the schedule: If you have something big and exciting to share and it’s out of cycle, that’s fine, as long as these random mailings don’t become the norm. If it’s timely, send a special email. If it’s going to be just as cool when it’s time for your next email, hold on to it. probably read it. A short, hyperlinked list of blogs you’ve written recently with a summary no longer than a tweet (140 characters) is okay to draw attention to anything they may have missed. Draft your newsletter in whatever word processor you chose, then copy and paste the text into your Email Management System. Once you’ve found a layout template you like, stick to it. It’ll make formatting future emails much faster, and readers like a familiar feel. Also, try to avoid writing/formatting and sending all in one day. You’re much more likely to catch mistakes if you let the material sit for a day or two between draft and distribution. Things to consider while writing and formatting: Write a greeting and ending (it is a newsLETTER, after all.) Keep blocks of text short and to the point. Lists (bulleted or numbered) make scanning easier. Make use of formatting (bold, italics, underlining) only as appropriate. Use proper grammar/spelling/etc. and have at least one proofreader. This may seem hard for the first couple of weeks or months, but eventually you develop a rhythm. When you provide engaging content on a regular basis, your fans sh

Top 10 Confused Words in English [G-H]

Top 10 Confused Words in English [G-H] Top 10 Confused Words in English [G-H] Top 10 Confused Words in English [G-H] By Maeve Maddox Narrowing the list to ten is difficult, but here are ten words beginning with the letters G and H that are frequently mixed up in speaking and/or writing. 1. gambit / gamut Perhaps it’s the first syllable that leads to confusion between these two nouns. In the game of chess, a gambit is an opening move in which a player offers a sacrifice, usually of a pawn, in order to gain an advantage. By extension, a gambit is a ploy intended to gain an advantage, especially at the beginning of a contest or negotiation. As a musical term, a gamut is the full range of notes that a voice or instrument can produce. Figuratively, a gamut is the full range or scope of something. Ex. His handyman skills run the gamut from carpentry to plumbing. 2. genial / congenial Both of these adjectives derive from the same source. Used to describe a person, genial means cheerful, kindly, affable. Applied to a thing, like weather, genial means mild or pleasant. In reference to people, congenial connotes a character agreeable to one’s taste or liking. For example, a congenial friend has similar likes and dislikes. A congenial host anticipates the needs and likes of guests. Applied to things, congenial means suited to one’s temperament. For example, a congenial job for a bookish person might be one involving research. 3. gibe / jibe Both words are pronounced the same, and both can be used as either a noun or a verb. As a noun, a gibe is an insult or sneering comment. As a verb, to gibe is â€Å"to taunt or insult.† Both the OED and Merriam-Webster recognize jibe as a variant spelling of gibe, when used in the context of insulting. However, because jibe also means â€Å"to agree,† many writers to use the spelling jibe only in the context of agreement: When the witnesses were interviewed separately, their stories jibed. When the accountant went over the books, he found that the figures did not jibe with the previous report. 4. give / gift Conservative speakers (like me) shudder to hear both these words used as verbs. Give is a verb. Friends give gifts to one another. Alumni give donations to colleges. For most modern speakers, gift is a noun, something given, a possession transferred to another without the expectation of an equivalent. The use of gift as a verb is not new in English. The OED shows citations dated from 1500 to the 1880s. However, this usage dropped out of general use so long ago that its revival strikes modern ears as barbarous and pompous. I suppose a huge donation to a university might warrant a bit of pomposity: â€Å"The corporation gifted the university with a million dollars.† For ordinary purposes, however, it’s still more idiomatic to give presents and not â€Å"gift† people with them. 5. grisly / grizzly The adjective grisly refers to something that inspires great horror. The word is thought to derive from a verb meaning â€Å"to shudder with horror,† or â€Å"to be filled with dread.† The adjective grizzly comes from a word meaning â€Å"gray or grayish.† A beard could be described as grizzly, but in current speech, the participle grizzled is more common in the context of things that are gray. Although grizzly bears range in color from very light tan (almost white) to dark  brown, they apparently acquired their name from explorers who saw grayish specimens. One English explorer described the huge bear that he encountered as â€Å"neither white nor black, but silver-haired like our English rabbit.† Another wrote that he’d seen â€Å"the skin of an enormous grizzled bear.† A grizzly bear rushing toward an unwary camper would be a grisly sight. 6. hanged / hung When  hang  means, â€Å"to execute by suspending a person by the neck,† the preferred forms are  hang, hanged,  (has) hanged. For example: â€Å"The murderer was sentenced to be hanged by the neck until dead.† When hang refers to suspending an inanimate object or a person without intent to execute, the forms are hang,  hung,  (has) hung. For example: â€Å"The housekeeper hung the laundry in the garden.† 7. historic / historical The prevailing meaning of historic in modern English is â€Å"having or likely to have great historical importance or fame. For example, â€Å"The historic voyage of H.M.S. Beagle commenced on the morning of 27 December 1831.† Historical means, â€Å"concerned with past events.† It is also used to contrast events that actually happened with fiction or legend: â€Å"Although fictionalized, the novel is based on well researched historical events.† 8. hoard / horde The word hoard is used as both noun and verb. As a noun, a hoard is an accumulation of something valuable to the hoarder. As a verb, to hoard is â€Å"to put away something of value for preservation or future use.† The verb usually has a negative connotation, implying that the person doing the hoarding is being selfish (in the context of scarcity) or has a disorder (in the context of an inability to part with unneeded possessions). The noun horde originally referred to a tribe of Asiatic nomads. Now it can also mean a large gathering of people or animals. The word usually bears a connotation of ferocity: The child fled from a horde of angry geese. 9. home / hone The confusion associated with these words occurs when home is used as a phrasal verb with the particle in. To home in is â€Å"to come closer and closer to a destination.† A fighter pilot homes in on a target. A detective homes in on a suspect. To hone is â€Å"to sharpen.† One hones a blade to a sharp edge. I’ve read defenses of â€Å"hone in† as the equivalent of â€Å"home in,† but careful writers distinguish between the two. 10. hurdle / hurtle As a noun, a hurdle is an obstacle. As a verb, to hurdle is â€Å"to jump over an obstacle.† It is often used figuratively: Kornblut describes the roadblocks all female  candidates must hurdle as â€Å"hair, hemlines and husbands.† Hurtle is a verb. The usual sense in modern English is â€Å"to rush violently.† For example, â€Å"The runaway wagon hurtled toward us.† Related Posts: Top 10 Confused Words in English [A-B] Top 10 Confused Words in English [C-D] Top 10 Confused Words in English [E-F] Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of LanguageEmail EtiquetteUlterior and Alterior

Construction Management - Finance and Risk Management Essay

Construction Management - Finance and Risk Management - Essay Example re than eight merchant vessel which includes more than 1000 tons of displacement out of which four comprised of the Cargo ships and two included oil tankers, one was the combination of both oil ship and ore and one included refrigerated cargo. The construction and the development of the marine projects in Turkmenistan are mainly dependent on the policies and regulations of the government of Turkmenistan. The marine construction project in Turkmenistan have developed due to the participation and cooperation from the foreign countries which includes the firms of Turkish, French and Ukrainian for developing and constructing the marine based projects. The projects are undertaken by us with the assistance and the support of other industries which includes the implementation on marine construction projects that mainly comprises of designing and construction. The main mission of our marine construction industry is that it safeguards the environment and the employers consider the employees a s the asset of the industry and it shares rich values among its employees. The directors and the executives of our industry mainly focus on the strategic planning that includes the corporate planning application of the concepts of financial management and adoption of risk management. The risk management or the risk assessment process in the marine construction industry includes the identification of the occupational risk of health that is associated with the conduct of operation and also improvement or development of various health programmes for reduction or minimization of risk related to the exposure of the employees of the marine construction industry. The industry establishes or formulates standard terms, rules and regulations that are relevant to the transactions for safeguarding and protecting the company against the risk and liabilities. The industry maintains an integrity in case of its financial reporting and the formulation of the internal control system and the main

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCE ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example If we analyze the trend of rate of return of bonds in table 1 we get to know that fluctuation is higher than cash but on the other hand much better return is being generated as compared to cash. Average rate of return is more than double of that of cash but again standard deviation is high representing high rate of risk. Many people know about the property investments. Property investment is usually in shape of build home or any other type of building; that appreciate or devalue in value and provides a normal profits known as â€Å"rent†.Normally property investment generates a satisfactory returns as compared to cash and bonds but has more risk .According to data in Table1 the rate of reurns from year 1992 to 2006 is getting appreciated and overall average expected rate of return better than cash or bonds but inevitably results in greater risk or standard deviation. A share is companied issued legal document, which has some value in the market. Company’s Ownership can be in the shape of trade investment. Subsidiary or associate. It specifies the right of share holding pr voting power and also determines the amount of dividend to be received. Usually return from share is in the shape of dividends given by the companies. The possibility that Investor will lose money when they invest in a company that has debt, if the companys cash flow proves inadequate to meet its financial obligations.In other words risk of getting loss instead of profit is financial risk. The rate of return depends upon the risk associated with that investment. The greater the risk, the larger the return that is they are directly proportional to each other. This is one of the most fundamental relations in finance. The rate of return is what you earn on an investment, stated in percentage terms.If we analyze portfolio Kappa and Omega we can see that average expected rate of return are 7% and 8% approximately where as there risk or standard deviation is 4%

Target Costing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Target Costing - Essay Example Target costing in the initial stage allows business to control the design, specification and development technique to control the overall cost. TC provides business with other than basic costing processes. Chen and Chung (2002) discussed the benefit that TC lends by enabling manager to indentify the fraudulent as well as corruption practices in involved departments. Swenson, Ansari, Bell and Kim (2003) identified most important benefit of the TC. Swenson, Ansari, Bell and Kim (2003) state that TC system is originally a market driven system and therefore, forces business to follow market trends in order to control cost instead of relying only on internally developed metrics. Hence, results in market and customer focused processes. DEMERITS Davila and Wouters (2004) criticized the target costing for being extensively detail oriented resulting in bureaucratic procedures and hence consuming time at length. TC to be successfully implemented requires entire supply chain components to play respective part; business employing procedure in isolation cannot fetch the due benefits. In case of excessive cost control measures without coordination, TC can result in contradictions among business functions pointing fingers upon each other functions. Jackson and Lapsley (2003) discussed that TC to be implemented successfully require businesses to develop coordinated system with other techniques that have been limited employed in businesses; reducing the level of benefit. DIFFERENTIATION OF TARGET COSTING FROM OTHER CONCEPTS: All costing techniques are designed to get maximum benefit to business; however, differences in focal attention substantially differentiate each technique with other. The basic difference between TC and other costing methods is that TC puts emphasis in designing stage whereas other methods trenches cost reduction from entire production process (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2003). Given below is the discussion of point of differences of TC with other costing techniques: FULL COSTING/ABSORPTION COSTING: Absorption costing traditionally uses cost ascertainment for the product by simply including both fixed and variable cost and charges entire cost to production. The price of the product is determined based on accounting the production cost in total. In contrary to this, in target costing system the price of the product is signaled by the market. Manufacturer of the products nets the price fixed by market and develops plan to produce the product within the left out portion of prices. This leads to cost reduction in the production plan and design unlike other costing systems that bargain cost in operational constituents of the product. Hence, the difference between the two systems lies in former deciding price based on cost whereas in latter system price and required profit margin determines the costing decisions (Garrison, Noreen, & Brewer, 2003). VARIABLE COSTING: In variable costing techniques, cost of manufacturing includes only those c ost components that vary in the given period for the

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest Tourism Essay

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest Tourism Essay 2.0 Introduction Tourism is a product that relies totally upon simultaneous production and consumption. The implication of this for the destinations host community is that it will come into contact with an alien population during the production process. This contact can be beneficial or detrimental to the host community depending upon the difference in cultures and the nature of the contact. Tourism can develop and grow when host community has a positive attitude toward it and when they see their role in the process of the tourism development. At the point when a tourism destination is born, the quality if the life of the local hosts goes through radical changes, which are not necessarily negative. Literature suggests that tourism development has created both positive and negative impacts on communities. As a consequence, community residents hold different attitudes towards tourism development. Residents who do not support the development of tourism have been identified in almost all segmentation studies concerning attitudes towards tourism, namely Haters (Davis et al. 1988; Madrigal 1995), Cynics (Williams and Lawson 2001) or Somewhat Irritated (Ryan and Montgomery 1994). Host communities do see new business opportunities in tourism and are motivated to explore them. At the same time, they know that some negative physical, cultural, social and economic impacts will emer ge. The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship between local host and tourist. Furthermore , there are limits of tourism growth that are closely associated with the place capacity and with the quality of life in the local community. The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship between tourists and local host. Furthermore, there are limits of tourism growth that are closely associated with the place capacity and with the quality of life in the local community. When these limits are exceeded, local residents develop negative attitudes towards tourism. When negative attitudes become beliefs, tourism development obstacles appear. The beliefs of the local hosts become the most reliable indicator of the limits to the growth of tourism. 2.1 Tourism Development Tourism development is an expression that encompasses not only destinations, origins, motivations and impacts, but also the complex linkage that exist between all the people and institutions of that interconnecting, global supply and demand system ( Pearce, 1989). It has been widely recognized that tourism development is a double-edged sword for host communities. Not only does it generate benefits, but it also imposes costs (Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism. Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource, sells it as a product , and in the process affects the lives of everyone ( Murphy,1981). In general, tourism development within a host community often impacts the community both in negative and positive ways. These Impacts have been well documented and are usually classified as socio-cultural impacts, environmental impacts and economic impacts ( Allen et al., 1988; Ap, Farrell et al., 2001; Liu and Sheldon, 1987; Liu and Var, 1986; Nepal,2008; Pappas, 2008; Van Winkle and Mackay,2008). Residents attitudes will be positive if they can use tourism resources such as recreational facilities or if they perceive that tourism development will protect or preserve the environment ( Lankford et al, 2003). Conversely attitudes towards tourism were found to be negative if residents perceived the impacts as negative, or if the resources within a host community diminish as a result of tourist activity ( Lankford et al.,2003; Perdue et al., 1990). Tourism development initiatives usually center around the economic benefits derived from tourism. This typically includes job creation, taxes and other indirect income. 2.2 Tourism Planning Based on the World Tourism Organisations Hainan Declaration in December 2000, it is noted that one of the reasons for the failure of tourism planning in the past can be attributed to the lack of consultation with the local residents (Yahya et al. 2005:According to Williams and Lawson (2001) and Gursoy et al. (2002), research on residents reactions to tourism can help tourism planners understand why residents support or oppose tourism. Such information can help planners select those developments that can minimize the negative impacts and maximize support for tourism development amongst certain members of the local population. It has now become widely recognized that planners and entrepreneurs must take the views of the host community into account if the industry wants to pursue the goal of sustainable development (Allen et al. 1988; Ap and Crompton 1993). Success of a regional tourism development plan depends on the successful involvement of the community (Inbakaran and Jackson 2006: 64).Difference between success and failure could be location or temporally based so this research aims to set the foundation for continuing studies and inform local policy makers, planners and managers. This is particularly relevant in light of recent changes to local government structures in the region. Moreover, the successful development of a tourism industry requires effective planning that both recognises tourists demands and emphasizes the values of the local host community (Lankford, 1994). 2.3 Host community According to Sherlock (1999), it is difficult to define the term community precisely; nevertheless, the word can be used to refer to a group of people who exist in one particular location. Aramberri (2001) suggests that host societies are in fact communities, made of one piece. For Williams and Lawson (2001) community is defined as a group of people who share common goals or opinions. Host Community is particular is defined by Mathieson and Wall (1982) as the Inhabitants of the destination area. Similarly, Swarbrooke (1999) defines it as all those who live within a tourist destination. According to Gursoy et al.(2002) and Williams and Lawson (2001), the community consists of different groups of people who live in the same geographical area, which does not mean they necessarily belong to the same community. In the light of the previous definition, it can be concluded that a host community consists of all those people in the destination, whether they are homogeneous or heterogeneous an d regardless of whether the impacts of tourism are beneficial or otherwise. Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource to sell it as a product, and in the process affects the lives of everyone (Murphy, 1980). The community as a product of amalgam of the destinations resources. As such the tourism industry is dependent on the host communitys hospitality, and therefore it should be developed according to the communitys needs to desires. Before host communities begin development of tourism resources, it is imperative to gain an understanding of hosts opinions regarding development. Tourism development in a community is not simply a matter of matching product supply with tourist demand, local acceptability must also be considered ( Menning, 1995). Moreover, it is the host community to who has a voice in concluding which tourism impacts are acceptable and which impacts are problems. However, the host is community is often the last to be notified of tourism development (Thyne and Lawson,2001) and quite often they are not given a chance or encouraged to give their opinioin on tourism issues. 2.4 Relationship Between Host Community and Guest A good relationship between local hosts and tourist is essential for the long term development of tourism destination. ( Ap and Crompton, 1998). The relationship between host community and tourists is mainly affected by the socio-cultural impacts that are caused due to tourism development (Smith, 1995). The variation in the relationship between hosts and tourists depends on the level to which the benefits of tourism are perceived to exceed costs ( Faulkner and Tideswell 1997). In other words, this mean that if the tourism industry brings in benefit rather than cost to the host community, the relationship between both parties would be much more stronger. Smith (1989) conclude that contacts between tourist and host community if different cultural background take the form of direct face to face encounters between tourists and host of different cultural groups. The interaction between hosts and international guests raises another issue linked to cultural tolerance. As argued by Bochner ( 1982), the mutual understanding between cultures can create an opportunity for acquaintance leading towards enhanced understanding and tolerance and, consequently, reduce prejudice, conflict and tension between hosts and tourists.This type of contact is experienced by tourists when they travel from home culture to a host culture by hosts when they serve tourists from a foreign culture. That is, both tourist and the host community participate in exploring each others culture. Tourist exploring the host culture by learning and exploring it and on the other hand the host community is interacting with tourists, who are of foreign cultures. 2.5 Host community perception towards tourism development Research has been conducted for the convenience of tourists, while local community perceptions and attitudes towards the industry have been given less of a priority (Murphy 1985). Butler (1980) claimed that there is a correlation between the development of tourism and the attitude of the domestic people towards the tourists. The domestic people show a very positive attitude towards the increasing number of tourists in the region at the beginning because they have high expectations from the tourist in long term basis. However this positive attitude is gradually replaced by the negative attitude as the time passes. Local residents perceptions are strongly influenced by the benefits and costs of tourism development. Those who received benefit from tourism stated that they are dependent on tourism, but the case was contrary for those who received nothing For instance, destination communities have been inconvenienced by congestion and some other negative impacts brought by tourism (Brunt and Courtney 1999). Any impacts from tourism causing annoyance or anger in the host community may lead to problems for the long-term development of the industry. Therefore, Murphy (1985: 133) argued if tourism is to merit its pseudonym of being the hospitality industry, it must look beyond its own doors and employees to consider the social and cultural impacts it is having on the host community at large. Studying host community attitudes and the antecedents of resident reaction can help both residents and planners (Williams and Lawson 2001).Williams and Lawson argued that it was possible to select those developments that can minimize negative impacts and maximize support for the industry. By doing so, on one hand the quality of life of residents can be maintained or enhanced; and, on the other hand, the negative impacts of tourism in the community wil l be reduced. 2.6 Tourism Impacts Researchers in the early years of the twentyfirst century list an impressive range of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a result of tourism development (Fredline and Faulkner, 2000; Upchurch and Teivane, 2000; Gursoy et al., 2002; Besculides et al., 2002) The study of impacts from tourism on local communities takes in a range of literature that includes both the positive and negative effects of hosting tourists to a community. Andereck and Vogt (2000) point out that residents of a tourist community differ with respect to the impacts resulting from tourism development. However, researchers agree that a necessary condition of successful tourism development strategy is the inclusion of residents of the entire community if tourism investment is to yield substantial returns (Allen et al., 1988, 1993; Jurowski Uysal, 1997; Long et al ., 1990; Snepenger Johnson, 1991). 2.6.1 Socio-cultural Impacts Tourism is a socio-cultural event for both the guest and host (Murphy, 1985) and the contact between host and tourists can be beneficial or detrimental to the host community depending upon the difference in cultures and the nature of the contact .Tourism development also affects the social, cultural and environmental aspects within a destination. Socio-cultural impacts are concerned with the ways in which tourism is contributing to changes in value systems, individual behaviour, family relationships, collective lifestyles, moral conduct, creative expressions, traditional ceremonies and community organization (Pizam Milman, 1984, cited in Haralambopoulos Pizam, 1996, p.503). Host community has always been viewed as victims having to accept the social and cultural changes that are brought by tourism development (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002), while guest who imposes their own values on the host communities are viewed as the villain. Socio-cultural aspects within a destination may be positively affected through increased tourism Research (Ap Crompton, 1998; Easterling, 2004) suggests that tourism brings an increased understanding of other cultures, and strengthens the cultural identity of the host destination and increases community pride. Furthermore, tourism development increases and promotes cultural exchange between tourists and residents. Tourism can also be a force to preserve and revitalize the cultural identity and traditional practices of host communities and act as a source of income to protect heritage sites (Easterling, 2004). Tourism on the socio-cultural aspects can contribute to the revitalisation of arts, crafts and local culture and to the realization of cultural identity and heritage. In order to attract more tourists, architectural and historical sites are restored and protected (Inskeep, 1991). According to a study by Isik (2005) in Denmark, it was common that local people are not happy because tourism narrowed their alternatives of life, they do not have jobs, for children and the youth there are no activities for fun, no cinemas and entertainment. Life is too monotonous. Many years ago, citizens were very happy; there was a perfect friendship between the neighbors but now they do not even greet each other. However, the same study was carried out in Gà ¼zelà §amlÄ ± in Turkey reveals that hosts are very happy with tourists and every summer they organize festivals to get more tourists From a cultural perspective, tourism development and the appearance of tourists could cause a series of changes in host communities, such as increased price and identity, cohesion, exchange of ideas and increased knowledge about cultures ( Stein Anderson 1999). In other word, meaning that the host community will gain in about the tourist culture, helping them to expand their knowledge. Other changes included assimilation, conflict and xenophobia as well as artificial reconstructio (Besculides, Lee McCormick 2002). Relevant literature acknowledged that perception of host community on such impacts ambivalent that is they have a feeling of both hate and love towards changes occurring with the tourism development. To others, the cultural changes caused by tourism threatens to destroy traditional cultures and societies (Brunt Courtney 199, p 495) and to others it represented an opportunity for peace, understanding and greater knowledge ( Brunt Courtney 1999, p.495).With an expansion in the international tourism, the contact between guest and host would increased automatically. Such an increase would deepen the cultural impacts of tourism on host communities. In an extreme situation, the host communities could become culturally dependent on the tourism generating country ( Sharpley 1994). 2.7 Factors Influencing Host community perception towards tourism development Tourism development does not only generate benefits, but it also imposes costs ( Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism development. However, previous research indicates that the development of locals hosts attitudes toward tourism is not determined by those perceived benefits and costs but is modified by various moderating variables ( Lankford, 1994). Those tested variables are classified as the intrinsic dimension which includes residents socio-cultural economic and demographic attributes , but the results are mixed.

My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays

The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.          My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.