The Path Goal Theory Of Leadership - 751 Words

Wk4AssgnJLayman: Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Walden University Ph.D. Public Policy and Administration Introduction This is an introduction to the Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire, introduced in Chapter 6 of the textbook â€Å"Leadership: Theory and Practice† by Peter Northouse, a set of questions, designed to measure a leader’s path-goal style of leadership, or their ability to assess and meet the needs of the follower (Northouse, 2016). Developed by House Mitchell (1975), the path-goal theory is built upon the expectancy theory of motivation, charging leaders with the duty of understanding the goals of the follower, and offering rewards in line with those goals (Northouse, 2016). The following is a brief summary of the resulting score of the questionnaire at the end of Chapter 6 of this textbook, and, a short assessment of the results. Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire The Path-Goal Questionnaire measures a leader’s propensity toward a directive style of leadership, a supportive style of leadership, a participatory style of leadership or an achievement-oriented style of leadership. There are four unique path-goal leadership styles, each having its own set of behaviors. Directive Leadership Questions 1, 5, 9, 14 18 are representative of the directive style of leadership. With a score of 13, the lowest of all four categories, my results are considered very low in this category. The average score among responding participants is 23 in thisShow MoreRelatedThe Path Goal Theory Of Leadership1371 Words   |  6 PagesMGT-6204: Excellence in Org: Leadership 12/6/15 Michael Bernier Leadership Theory Analysis Path-Goal Theory of Leadership The Path-Goal Theory works well by first identify the goal. Once the goal is established the manager is responsible to remove any roadblocks or obstacles that stand in the way of the employee success. There are also incentives that the manager can offer along the way. In some respects the Path-Goal Theory is, at the most fundamental level, using the same basic assumptionsRead MorePath Goal Theory Of Leadership1009 Words   |  5 Pages12/12/2014 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Path-Goal Leadership Theory The Path-Goal model is a theory based on specifying a leader s style[1] or behavior that best fits the employee and work environment in order to achieve goals (House, Mitchell, 1974). The goal is to increase an employee s motivation, empowerment, and satisfaction so that they become productive members of the organization. Path-Goal is based on Vroom s (1964) expectancy theory[2] in which an individual will act in a certainRead MoreThe Path Goal Leadership Theory1192 Words   |  5 PagesIt goes without saying that leadership delivers support and inspiration to their group members to attain desired results. In this global market competition is constantly intensifying and organizations are more fixated on engendering calculative outcomes, performance apprehension with personnel has elevated considerably. Effective leaders will impart a variety of desired support mechanisms to motivate employees and make them more productive as well as result oriented. Moreover, effective leader willRead MoreLeadership And The Path Goal Theory1867 Words   |  8 Pagespotential. In this essay, the importance of leadership and what a leader exemplifies will be discussed and analyzed in depth. Also an influential leader in my workplace will be described using the path-goal leadership theory, to elaborate on the styles, behaviors, and effectiveness demonstrated by my leader. In addition, a detailed descrip tion of my leaders role and utilization of the path-goal theory in the workplace will be explained as well. Leadership is one of the most essential traits of beingRead MorePath-Goal Theory of Leadership2170 Words   |  9 PagesPath- Goal Theory of Leadership Torey Shannon and There are many theories that are considered relevant when it comes to interpersonal relationships and the roles of leaders in behavioral science. According to Robert House, the relevance of these theories to the overall success of the organization is skewed. Robert House is an American Psychologist who graduated from Ohio State University with a Ph.D. in Management. He formulated The Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness (House, 1971).Read MoreThe Path Goal Theory of Leadership2659 Words   |  11 PagesThe term path-goal is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey along the path easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls (Robbins 2001, p. 229). The path-goal theory developed by Robert House is based on the expectancy theory of motivation. The leader s job is viewed as coaching or guiding workers to choose the best paths for reaching their goals. Best is judged byRead MoreLeadership Theory And The Path Goal Theory Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The goal of this literature review is to observe the different ways in which the field of leadership is developing along with the importance of its evolutionary path for theories, models, and different methods. Leadership focuses not only on the leader, but also on subordinates, peers, supervisors, work setting, and culture. Leadership has evolved over the years and we’re going to explore a few updated leadership approaches. There are a few different leadership approaches that wereRead MoreThe Path Goal Theory Of Leadership Skills1318 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons may be due to lack of leadership skills. A company that has everything going for it, great product, a nice work place, and so on and so forth does not always become successful unless they possess prime leaders. As we have learned so far, there are various degrees of leadership styles and when and where they are best used and therefore most efficient. The path-goal theory shows how leaders are able to motivate their followers in order to accomplish a variety of goals. Steve Jobs was a successfulRead MoreEssay on Path-Goal Leadership Theory873 Words   |  4 PagesPath-goal theory deals with the leaders style to motivate followers, to accomplish set goals (Northouse, 2010). The path-goal theory is simply the implication that a leader works with an individual to establish a goal. The leader does this by individual motivation to achieve the propo sed goal, while working through obstacles that may hinder achieving that goal (Whitener, 2007). The basic assumption of path-goal theory is that the following motivates subordinates: the capability to perform the workRead MoreThe s Path Goal Theory Of Leadership896 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the lens of House’s Path Goal theory of leadership, Amazon facilitates both achievement-oriented and directive path-goal leader behaviour. Achievement-oriented leader behavior involves setting challenging goals for subordinates and expecting them to perform at their highest level to meet these goals . This sort of zealous mentality is a core tenet in Amazon’s company culture: â€Å"At Amazon, workers are encouraged to tear apart one another’s ideas in meetings, toil long and late (emails arrive

American History in the book White Devil Essay - 1233 Words

Brumwell, Stephen. White Devil: A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America. Da Capo Press Inc. March, 2005. The book opens Nous sommes tours Sauvages, which translates to We are all Savages. Its a fitting way to begin a book chronicling the story of Major Robert Rogers and his rangers journey, Native American slaughter, and return home. In White Devil: A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America, author Stephen Brumwell depicts a well researched, unbiased image of: war, hardship, courage, savagery, vengeance, and survival. Brumwell wants to show his readers an image of the true nature of war and all the trimmings that goes along with it. There has never been a war where atrocities†¦show more content†¦His long journey took him to Canada and to the village of St. Francis. The carnage at St. Francis deserves a brunt of the detail. It was now good marching ground and the men pressed on with celerity till on the 22nd day after their departure from Crown Point, one of them, by climbing a tree, discovered the village of St. Francis at three miles distance, whe n the party were ordered to halt and refresh themselves. At eight oclock in the evening, Major Rogers, Lieut. Turner and Ensign Avery left the company and went forward for the purpose of reconnoitering the place. They found the Indians engaged in a dance, evidently entertaining no apprehensions of an enemy in the vicinity. They returned about two oclock in the morning and at three oclock, Rogers advanced with the whole party, within three hundred yards of the village, where the men were lightened of their packs and formed for action. About an hour after this, the Indians broke up their dances and retired to their cabins for repose; and soon the whole village was asleep, the more oblivious from the weariness induced by their late diversion. About half an hour before dawn, the troops, having been arranged in three divisions for the purpose of making simultaneous attacks, in as many directions, were ordered to advance. Never was a place more completely surprised, nor in a condition les s capable of making any sort ofShow MoreRelated Baldwins view of Nation of Islam in Down on the Cross Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagespowerful organization during the 1960s. One of the Nation?s key goals was to create an independent Black America. It further preached about the White man as the devil, thus instilling faith within its followers that White society will be decimated, and Black society will prevail. Through these powerful messages, the Nation of Islam gave African-Americans a claim to divinity and created the notion of Black supremacy. However, in attempting to cement these ideas, the Nation of Islam?s message becameRead MoreA Of The White City By Erik Larson1426 Words   |  6 PagesA Devil in the White City, written by Erik Larson, is a novel to remember. Not only does this book entice the ideas and a theme of â€Å"good† and â€Å"evil†, but Erik Larson, a former staff writer in the Wall Street Journal, also tied in historical events that occurred during the Chicago World Fair of 1893. The purpose of the book, that entices a combination of historical events and other fictional opinions, is to inform the audience of the historical content that occurred in the past and to â€Å"fill in theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Grove By William King1028 Words   |  5 PagesDevil in the Grove, by Gilbert King, presents the world as it was in the late 1940’s early 1950’s. Racial tensions were high, individuals remained divided, and plagued with violence, but change would transpire. The narrative demonstrates a divided population, one side who would offer resistance and demand change, the other side would offer resistance denounce change protecting the status quo. King introduces Thurgood Marshall, an African American lawyer who would challenge the status quo and bringRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin851 Words   |  4 Pages that I failed to realize that the white man was a devil was that I had been too long exposed to white teaching and had never received true instruction.† This direct quotation is an example of how Elijah Muhammad wanted for his people to marginate from the teachings of the white man. Elijah Muhammad felt like African Americans â€Å"becoming themselves† was such a prolonged process because so many are brainwashed by the history books that were filled with the white man s â€Å"tricknology†. Muhammed feltRead MoreWhite Devil A True Story Of War, Savagery, And Vengeance1347 Words   |  6 Pagesis one of the most influential figures in military history and tactics. The lessons he passed on are still studied today by the United States Army Rangers, and every Ranger must memorize his Standing Orders. The tactics he used are now what the modern public and historians consider â€Å"American style fighting† or Indian warfare. Stephen Brumwell’s book White Devil A True Story of War, Savagery, and Vengeance in Colonial America is not just a history like what has been written before, it is an in depthRead More Malcolm X Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and James Baldwin fall under this category. They did not by any means agree completely, but had many views in common with the Islam thinkers. Malcolm X was not a pro-violence leader, but encouraged it when necessary for self-defense and protecting loved ones as Jenkins reported, â€Å"Malcolm X encouraged blacks to take a stand against their white oppressors if they wereRead MoreMalcolm X, A Civil Right Activist And Powerful Black Leader855 Words   |  4 Pagesprovoking essay â€Å"Learning to Read† (1965), Malcolm X, a civil right activist and powerful black leader, narrates his story on how books transformed his life forever into the realm of human rights. Incorporating sequential narrative and social analysis, he explains his methodology in attaining literacy and how this process influences him to espouse black separatism and resent white people, while providing historical fact and jarring criticism in his arguments. Using first-person narrative, Malcom advancesRead More Black Supremacy Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout history, white anglo-saxons have been notorious for mistreating all races other than its own. Malcolm X felt quot;the white man had been actually nothing but a piratical opportunist who used Faustian machinations to make his own Christianity his initial wedge in criminal conquestsquot;(563). The earth is burdened by the white man! That is the true meaning of what Malcolm X is stating; the words Faustian machinations, meaning evil plotting, implies the whole white population is outRead MoreAmerican Tragedy And That Devil History1539 Words   |  7 Pages 1.These are the summaries of An American Tragedy and That Devil History. He starts talking about the phrase conversation about race even mean. Henry Louis Gates thinks it s meaningless and that talking about race means recognizing how race is intertwined with U.S. History. In an interview for Salon Gates said that since slavery ended all political movements have been about race. American conservatives have been stuck on that since slavery ended a century and a half ago they need to get overRead MoreMalcom X s Experiences Inspired His Autobiography1223 Words   |  5 PagesAutobiography Considered as one of the greatest and influential in African Americans in history, Malcon Little was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska, and murder on February 21, 1965 in New York by three Nation of Islam members. Best known as Malcon X, he was also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, an American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. Malcon X was a fervent advocate the separation of black and white Americans, and rejected the civil rights movement s emphasis on integration. He

Brown Vs Board Of Education Essay Research free essay sample

Brown Vs. Board Of Education Essay, Research Paper Brown vs. Board of Education Although bondage was eventually ended at the terminal of the 19th century black people found themselves still in the procedure of contending. What they had to contend for was their ain rights. The Emancipation Proclamation and the terminal of the civil war brought approximately actual freedom but the beliefs and attitudes of Whites, particularly in the south kept the black people repressed. In this paper I would wish to portion the research that I found that helped to establish the battle for freedom in every facet possible for black people and that is the instance of Brown vs. Board of instruction. This instance to topographic point in 1954 and helped to stop the segregation Torahs that withheld black and white schools being integrated. Before I begin the narrative of Linda Brown I would foremost wish to convey up the 1896 instance of Plessy vs. Ferguson. This instance arose from bitterness among the black and Creole occupants in New Orleans who felt it unneeded to pay the cost of separate autos. The bigger issue dealt with the conflict between the Louisiana legislative act of 1890 mandating that railway autos be separate but equal and the 14th amendment of the Constitution saying equality for all. Unfortunately most thought that the 14th amendment dealt with political equality non societal equality. This instance brought about the series of Jim Crow Torahs which fundamentally created two separate but purportedly equal societies. These Torahs were upheld until the Brown vs. Board of Education instance came through. Linda Brown was a 3rd grader in Topeka, Kansas that had to walk two stat mis a twenty-four hours to acquire to and from the black unintegrated school she attended. A white school was merely seven blocks off. Linda # 8217 ; s father Oliver Brown decided to seek and acquire his girl enrolled into the white school and was refused by the principal. Oliver Brown so decided to reach McKinley Burnett who was the caput of the Topeka subdivision of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP ) . This organisation was founded in 1909 by 60 black and white citizens. In 1910 they published Crisis, a magazine that covered accomplishments for inkinesss in the humanistic disciplines, concern and several other societal Fieldss. Most of the NAACP # 8217 ; s attempts where focused on anti-lynching Torahs and deriving civil rights for inkinesss without favoritism. When they heard of Oliver Brown # 8217 ; s job they were eager to assist. So in 1951 the NAACP requested an in junction that would criminalize the segregation of Topeka # 8217 ; s schools. Their defence was that non merely were the schools inherently equal, what with the conditions of the schools themselves, but besides that it was damaging to black kids # 8217 ; s instruction and hereafter to be populating with such segregation. Black kids must larn to tie in with white kids who are a big per centum of the population in order for their course of study non to be curtailed. The Board of Education # 8217 ; s defence was that black kids should larn in unintegrated schools because they lived in a unintegrated society and would for the remainder of their lives, hence learning them at a youn g age the manner society is will fix them for the hereafter. They besides argued that such inkinesss as Washington Carver and Frederick Douglas went to segregated schools and became great successes. The petition for the injunction left the tribunal with a hard determination to do. On the one manus they agreed that a sense of lower status affects the motive of a kid to larn but on the other manus no Supreme Court had overruled the opinion of the Plessy vs. Ferguson instance. Because of this the tribunal decided to govern in favour of The Board of Education. The NAACP appealed to the Supreme Court that same twelvemonth but this clip they had other instances that challenged segregation in South Carolina, Virginia and Delaware. The instance was foremost heard by the Supreme Court in 1952, but they could non come to any determination. It was retrying the undermentioned twelvemonth and the Court requested that both sides discuss the Fourteenth Amendment. This did small to assist the instance so the Court had to make up ones mind non if the Fourteenth Amendment writers had segregation in head when they penned the papers in 1868 but if segregation deprived black kids of equal protection . Finally on May 17, 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren who was one of the most dynamic of Chief Justices because of his landmark determinations in the countries of civil rights and single autonomies for black peoples read the opinion. # 8220 ; We come so to the inquiry presented: Does segregation of kids in public schools entirely on the footing of race, even though the physical installations and other # 8220 ; touchable # 8221 ; factors may be equal, strip the kids of the minority group of equal instruction chances? We believe it does # 8230 ; We conclude that in the field of public instruction the philosophy of # 8216 ; separate but equal # 8217 ; has no topographic point. Separate educational installations are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the complainants and others likewise situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by ground of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the Torahs guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. # 8221 ; The Supreme Court overruled the finding of fact of the Plessy vs. Ferguson instance and ruled in favour of the NAACP. This required the integration of schools across America. This did non, nevertheless abolish segregation in other public installations such as eating houses and bathrooms. It besides did non stipulate when the integration of schools should take topographic point. What it did make was declare compulsory segregation that existed in 21 provinces as unconstitutional. I believe that the Supreme Court did do the right determination and that the NAACP brought up a good instance non merely in its unfairness politically but socially. Imagine life someplace where you knew that you could non portion with the bulk of the society and what sort of mental place that would set you in. I would experience absolutely hopeless and instruction would non be really of import to me because I may non be able to set my cognition towards good usage. I think that # 8217 ; s what most kids would hold felt like and that it would hold caused a batch more societal and economical jobs in their hereafter.

The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood Essay Example For Students

The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood Essay Discourses in a novel often allow people in the know, to understand particular meaning within certain topics or issues. For instance, a discourse of Calculus in a novel would be relevant to those who study and know the subject. They would pick up on the meaning conveyed within this discourse, whereas people not familiar can only make uneducated guesses. In Cats Eye by Margaret Atwood, there are many discourses on offer. Atwood focuses on fictional, autobiographical, scientific and artistic discourses. Which are subtly included in all aspects of the text, mainly in literary devices and the structure of the novel itself. We will write a custom essay on The Discourses Of Science And Art In Cats Eye By Margaret Atwood specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The discourses of fiction and autobiography are juxtaposed in Cats Eye with the intention of allowing insiders to know, and outsiders to assume meaning contained by the subtle presence of discourses. Cats Eye is set in Toronto where Atwood grew up, and the attitudes towards the picturesque capital of Canada are somewhat bitter and full of nostalgic reflection. The main character, Elaine, states on page 14 of the book; Underneath the flourish and ostentation is the old city, street after street of thick red brick houses their watchful, calculating windows. Malicious, grudging, vindictive, implacable. In my dreams of this city I am always lost. Just the building of a character cannot account for the heavy and distinct feeling of resentment directed at the city and everything in it. Atwoods father, was a forest entomologist, just as Elaines father was, Atwood spent her childhood in Ottawa during the winters and the rest of the year in northern Quebec and Ontario. In 1946, her father took up a position as professor at the University of Toronto, and the family moved to there. The parallels between the lives of the author and the main female character, Elaine, are undeniable. The reader cannot know for certain that Atwood herself experienced bullying, but it is obvious not just in Cats Eye but in some of her other works that she represents gender in an original way, subverting often used stereotypes. When the book was written, Atwood was 49, teetering towards middle age, coming to terms with her years past, and her years to come. In the novel, the present Elaine was also middle aged, and struggling with her identity, as she slowly becomes invisible. Elaine suffered constantly with the pain of imperfection, near the beginning before the retrospective in Toronto, Elaine goes into the gallery; I know immediately that I should not have worn this powder-blue jogging outfit. Powder-blue is lightweight. I should have worn nun black, Dracula black, like all proper female painters. Elaine feels outdated, and out of touch, it is possible that Atwood herself was finding herself in these situations, and readers going through this stage of their life or for that matter, anyone who is in a process of change, would identify with the content on ageing. This is but few of the many examples of links between fiction and autobiographical features in Cats Eye, this is a powerful combination that takes full advantage of the juxtapositions it makes available within these discourses. The subject of femininity and the identity of the main character can be explored through discourses. Fictional and autobiographical features juxtapose and merge so as to more accurately represent femininity in Cats Eye showing it in a more precise way. Because words are only representation, the means by which they are presented can alter how readers perceive particular aspects of the story. Novels need things such as discourses, among other things, to bring more meaning and background to an otherwise two dimensional story. .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .postImageUrl , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:visited , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:active { border:0!important; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:active , .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320 .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u38d43404b4474bb16166cdbee1224320:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer science ethics EssayWomen, need to be attractive, smart, but not too smart. Women need to walk straight, and answer just the right amount of questions, either be humble or domineering, in being female, there is no middle ground. The female identity has long been constructed as the more delicate and demure of the sexes, Elaine, who grew up away from the definition between masculinity and femininity was amazed by the grace of real girls. I draw them in old fashioned clothing, with long skirts, pinafores and puffed sleeves this is the elegant, delicate picture I have in my mind, about other little girls. I dont think about what I might say to them if actually met som e. I havent got that far. Elaines transition from country to city life is looked at through interaction between Elaine and Cordelia, Elaines never ending strive for perfection, and Cordelias need to be loved by her father. Autobiographical features in Cats Eye further back up the plot, and make it seem more plausible because it incorporates an added factor of reality, it also effects how Elaine is viewed because readers assume some truth in the plot. Discursive constructions are placed upon the female subject in the text. This conveys a large amount of information, to the knowledgeable, which in this case is all women and men who know what it is like to live a life amongst all of societys expectations and divisions. The discourses of science and painting are combined in Cats Eye in an effort to epitomize the female subject in the text. Elaine was brought up surrounded by science, her father was a biologist and the bigger picture of science fascinated her brother. Science and the arts, namely painting appear to be on opposite ends of the spectrum, but in the text the line between them is proved to be reasonably undefined. At the start of the novel Atwood clearly states Elaines point of view, highlighting her stance on people who call themselves artists. The word artist embarrasses me; I prefer painter, because its more like a valid job. An artist is a tawdry, lazy sort of thing to be. Science seems to business like and structured in comparison to art, however in the text they co-habit well. The discourse of science was mainly addressed in Elaines family life, at one point, she realised that science wasnt feminine enough for her friends, Cordelia, Grace and Carol. During Elaines final biology exam, she realised she didnt want to be a biologist as she had intended to be. Her outlet became painting just as her brothers had become science. Each of these choices are a way of coping with the human experience and assessing ones own feelings in a creative way before even the conscious mind can address the issue. The discourse becomes a means of conveying a large amount of information to the reader by appealing to their prior knowledge in a particular topic. Elaine is introduced to a new world, through Cordelia, a world where the oppression of women is the cultural norm, inside suburban boundaries. This is demonstrated in how she gains an understanding of her experiences through art, particularly the roles of women in society, she moves from science as an outlet to art and painting to deal with her repressed memories. The discourses of art and science represent the female subject in Cats Eye. A discourse in a novel allows insight and speculation on behalf of the reader. Explanations do not usually occur and the audience is encouraged to make judgments based on their knowledge. These discourses can easily affect the main themes in a novel by portraying positive, negative or neutral assumptions. In Cats Eye readers are able to bring so much of their own experience to the novel due to the inclusive and mostly well known discourses that feature in the text.